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Figure 4S-3. Field photographs depicting the sedimentary and volcanoclastic facies variation that characterises the basin.

Upper pair: Alluvial fanglomerates of the Villanovatulo Member that fill early post-rift topography generated by Oligo-Miocene rifting. The coarse clastics appear to have entered the basin through discrete entry points centred upon relay ramps between prominent propagating normal fault tips.

Upper - Middle pair: Potential reservoir targets in the early post-rift succession include carbonates illustrated by exposures around the Isili Block and shallow marine clastics of Areci .

Lower - Middle pair: Evidence for contemporaneous volcanic activity is abundant and includes ignimbritic flows and dyke-like fumaroles cross-cutting tuffaceous sandstone.

Lower pair: left- Major sequence boundary at the base of the Plio‑Quaternary succession; right- Exposed major syn-sedimentary normal faults affecting the Cenozoic succession.