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Figure 21. CO₂ and temperature trends. A. Oil and Coal each account for about 40% of global fossil fuel emissions of CO₂, and natural gas accounted for about 20%. B. According to measurements of atmospheric CO₂, concentrations from Mauna Loa observatory, the average growth rate since 1955 is about 3 gigatons (billions of metric tons) for carbon per year. C. Global average surface temperatures are calculated from thousands of individual station measurements spread across the globe. Observations are more complete over land in the Northern Hemisphere and since 1940. D. Global average temperatures measured from satellites show little evidence of global warming from the late 1970s through 1997. An uptick in temperatures in 1998 was reversed in 1999. (ExxonMobil.)