Geothermal Direct-Use Applications On-Line Projects in Western United States

Ben C. Lunis

A brief overview is provided of the expanding use of low- and moderate-temperature (to 150°C) geothermal fluids, primarily in eleven western states. Special emphasis will be directed toward Idaho, the state with the largest general use of geothermal energy. Areas of current use include space conditioning, district heating, food processing, agriculture and aquaculture applications, and industrial uses. Several of the factors that contribute to the increasing number of geothermal direct-use installations are identified. The general benefits and concerns that affect current and planned projects are also addressed.