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7th Middle East Geosciences Conference and Exhibition
Manama, Bahrain
March 27-29, 2006
Dept Petroleum Geoscience, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan BE 1411
Brunei, phone: 673 246 3051, [email protected]
Without exception, the largest of the various oil and gas fields sealed by bedded evaporites are hosted in partially
dolomitized marine platform carbonates. The evaporites not only hold back the hydrocarbon column, but also helped create
and maintain reservoir quality. The most impressive examples are the various Arab D reservoirs in the Middle East, with
smaller but still volumetrically significant accumulations in oil pools in San Andres Formation of west Texas and the
Smackover Formation in the Gulf of Mexico. Variations in subevaporite reservoir quality is the end product of a combination
of depositional facies and varying intensities of evaporite plugging, dissolution, reflux dolomitisation and burial stage
leaching, dolomitization and cementation. Lateral and vertical variations in all but the latter stages of diagenesis are
indicated by facies variations in the seal
itself. Yet, for much of the oil industry, evaporite plugging and reflux dolomitization
are associations that geological and geophysical staff do not quantitatively integrate into a reservoir model (The usual
question asked is; Is it thick enough?). Once the integrity of an evaporite
seal
is established, further study of the
seal
properties or textures is not considered relevant, other than hoping for, or establishing, its lateral persistence. But
porosity/permeability in an evaporite-sealed system continues to evolve to varying degrees, long after the reservoir has
subsided into the mesogenetic realm and early evaporite plugging (via brine reflux) of the subsalt interval has ceased. In
some fields the burial (fault-related) overprints are significant and can control reservoir quality, in others they do not.